Leopold II, 1865-1875. Portrait of King Leopold II of Belgium (1835-1909), founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908. Leopold ran the Congo, (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo), which he never personally visited, by using the mercenary Force Publique for his personal gain. He extracted a fortune from the territory, initially by the collection of ivory and, after a rise in the price of rubber in the 1890s, by forced labour from the Indigenous population to harvest and process rubber.
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