1-157-744 - Oxford Science Archive/Heritage Images

Lord Kelvin, Scottish mathematician and physicist, with his compass, 1902. Born William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) was educated at Glasgow and Cambridge. He was Professor of Natural Philosophy (Physics) at the University of Glasgow for 53 years. Kelvin was a pioneer of thermodynamics and electromagnetic theory and devised the temperature scale that bears his name. He also directed work on the first transatlantic cable telegraph, which gave him considerable wealth. He was probably the first scientist to become wealthy through his work. He turned to improving his compass comparitively late in life. It had a very light card giving a long period of oscillation. The compass was mounted in a binnacle fitted with magnets and spheres and was much more accurate than previous compasses.