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Alfred Dreyfus, French army officer, 1898. In 1894, Dreyfus (1859-1935), a 35-year-old Alsatian artillery officer of Jewish descent, was charged with treason for passing on reports of military secrets to the German embassy in Paris. The trial, known as the Dreyfus Affair, in which he was wrongfully convicted, had wide repercussions in French politics. From "La Ilustración Española y Americana", 1898.