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Protest letter of Charles IV of Spain dated March 21, 1808 (two days after his abdication), 1851. A letter which King Charles IV, addressed to Napoleon Bonaparte protesting against the Mutiny of Aranjuez and his abdication, placing himself in his hands and treating him as a superior. "I protest and declare that my decree of the 19th of March 1808, in which I have abdicated the crown in favour of my son Ferdinand, is an act to which I have been compelled in order to avoid greater misfortunes and the shedding of the blood of my beloved vassals; and must therefore be considered as null and void". Carlos. Aranjuez, 21 March 1808. From "Historia del Levantamiento, guerra y revolución de España by the Conde de Toreno". Madrid, 1851.