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Flowering Marigold, c. 1765. Trade with the Portuguese, which flourished through the 1500s to 1600s, brought many new plants to India from their territories in South America. Examples include potatoes, tomatoes, and marigolds, all of which became staples of Indian daily life. Because of their beautifully vibrant colour, marigolds were made into flower garlands and continue to be much used in devotional offerings throughout India.